Spectator free essay sample

Throughout centuries, society has not only characterized but also distinguished the male and female population by means of intellectual, social, and psychological standards. Males are conventionally accepted as rational, unfluctuating, and perceptive beings, while females are often designated as emotional, fragile, lethargic creatures. In this way, society confines these two distinct groups of population to isolated areas, where each serves a peculiar purpose within the confines of the orthodox behavior. As time progresses, society also establishes various means to enforce these traits in order to ensure no one individual deviates from the accepted path. One form of this reinforcement exists in written literatures. One author, Joseph Addison, chose to illustrate the abiding ideals of his time in his satirical newspaper, The Spectator. From an examination of The Spectator No.275 and The Spectator No.281, the reader can gain insight into the society’s sentiment of proper decorum for both sexes during the 1700s as Addison depicts the Beau’s head, the Coquet’s heart, and the evident contrast between the two. We will write a custom essay sample on Spectator or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These works portray not only the society’s sentiment of proper decorum for both sexes during the 1700s through evident dichotomous contrast, but also a lucid examination of the psychological aspect of human relationships. Characterized by narcissism, vacuosness, and unscrupulousness, the Beau is by all means the paradox of the ideal figure of 1700s courtship. First, Joseph Addison metaphorically described the Beau’s skull is composed of cavities which encompass not substantial substance, but thousands pieces of little mirrors. Unlike average modest individuals who chose to reflect upon other occasions and care for other individuals, the Beau has eyes only for himself. Furthermore, the thousands of mirrors serve as entrapments which confine the Beau in a state of self-denial. An individual who cannot escape from the limited space of his own ideas will be forever attenuated into that specific place and oblivious to everything around him. Next, the Beau’s tongue is described as devoid of any passage to the brain, which defines the vacant state of the individual. While men are often rational and take great care with planning, this specific individual speaks without first taking heed of his own words. In addition, both the Beau’s thick-skinned and disengaged eye elevator muscle mark his sense of immorality, for he could experience no shame due to his ignorance of chastity that can only be brought forth by firm religious ethics. Through his depiction of the Beau, Joseph Addison degrades those who display similar attributes to that of the Beau and disencourages the general public who may wander into that path. Whereas the Beau is portrayed sardonically by Joseph Addison, the Coquet is delineated in a more sympathetic light. Having been the victim of many trials of difficulty, the Coquet’s heart grew a protective case which defends itself from future daggers. Although some cavities of her heart encompass numerous frivolous objects that symbolize the female’s superficial aspect, her heart in general is complex and contains intricate fibers in which these dictate the female’s actions. Perhaps such description reveals the essence of the female psychology. Whereas males are predominantly directed by rational ideas from that sprang from their minds, women tend to be more attentative to their hearts. Finally, the most startling aspect of the Coquet is represented in the central core of her heart which contains an imprint of the image of the Beau. Ironically, the Coquet, who dallies with multiple males, becomes, in fact, enamored of the pompous and vain Beau. Furthermore, thi s preserved image of the Beau restores a sense of good within the Coquet, for one who has the ability to etch the image of another in her heart cannot be completely vain. In the Coquet’s description, Joseph Addison seems to impart some sympathy to individuals similar to the Coquet as he hints almost for her to be the victim. Indeed, Addison’s selection of the Beau’s head and Coquet’s heart as symbolic objects to depict characteristics inherent in both sexes was certainly not arbitrary. Since males tend to be guided by rationales through their actions, the Beau’s head was an apt entity for the description. On the other hand, since females were thought of as emotional creatures, they were more inclined to follow intuitions of the heart. Furthermore, Addison highlighted one aspect of relationship prevalent amongst males and females in society: for centuries, males have been placed upon a hierarchy of higher social standings than females, and were disposed to feel a certain degree of self importance. Females, contrastingly, have been offered as pillars of support for these males and have fewer tendencies to replace their needs with those of their male counterparts. In this way, while both may have been in a relationship, the Beau’s mirror reflects only himself, whereas the Coquet’s heart has the Beau’s image etched in its heart. Joseph Addison’s two works brought readers much insight into the society’s sentiment of proper decorum for both sexes during the 1700s through the depiction of the Beau’s head, the Coquet’s heart, and the evident contrast between the two. These two pieces convey not only the society’s sentiment of proper decorum for both sexes during the 1700s through evident dichotomous contrast, but also a lucid examination of the psychological aspect of human relationships. Detailed analysis reveals that some characteristics can be found not only in the hearts of individuals in the 1700s, but also in individuals today.

The Anonymous Author

The Anonymous Author I read an interesting essay recently, fully expecting to gloss it over and move on to my next email. But the theme grabbed my mind and wouldnt let go, and when that happens, when I see it matters to the writers I love, I usually convert the message into a FundsforWriters post. While fame impedes and constricts, obscurity wraps about a man like a mist; obscurity is dark, ample, and free; obscurity lets the mind take its way unimpeded. Over the obscure man is poured the merciful suffusion of darkness. None knows where he goes or comes. He may seek the truth and speak it; he alone is free; he alone is truthful; he alone is at peace. ~Virginia Woolfe Imagine being able to write without worry as to what the world thought of you? Imagine writing not caring how many books sold? Imagine just focusing on leaving your deepest thoughts on paper with no ramifications or backlash from family and friends? Virginia Woolfe said it best when she stated, the delight of having no name, but being like a wave which returns to the deep body of the sea. Oh my goodness, I could envision and embrace that feeling. Isnt that what we crave as writers? To write without repercussions? To write from our most inside place and let it loose into the world then retreat back to our inner self and write again? When we write solely for profit, our writing often suffers a bit, because we write knowing that it has to be accepted When we write solely to release our candid, sincere thoughts, and yes, Im including with fiction, we feel a sense of relief, release, and self-sustaining integrity. But we risk not making many sales. My suggestion is this . . . if you are writing as a career, then you must write somewhat for the public. However, somewhere along the way, write something that is yours. Write something that reconnects with your true being. Feel honorable and principled writing for one person, yourself. You never know . . . that might be your best work.

Benefits and barriers for implementation of activity based costing Dissertation

Benefits and barriers for implementation of activity based costing systems in selected Asian countries - Dissertation Example Analysis of the three countries is provided. Ultimately, the paper concludes that activity-based costing could be extremely beneficial for Asian businesses. However, activity-based costing is virtually guaranteed to fail if it is imposed top-down or haphazardly. Barriers to implementation include different organisational and social cultures, different accounting norms and regulations, regulatory frameworks, fiscal policies, varying relationships to stakeholders, and other factors. If activity-based costing is to succeed, it must grow organically from the needs and behaviors of the organisations it is applied to. Introduction As Asian countries' financial operations become more closely attuned with and leveled against the West, it is likely that the model of activity-based costing (hereafter known as ABC) will spread to Asian enterprises. This paper analyzes three countries: The Hong Kong SAR, Malaysia and mainland China. These countries are immensely different from the West where act ivity-based costing is more common, with different fiscal policies, regulatory backgrounds, macro-economic statistics and behaviors, regional problems, resources, relations to customers and suppliers, and so forth. Ultimately, activity-based costing could be extremely beneficial for Asian businesses. However, activity-based costing is virtually guaranteed to fail if it is imposed top-down or haphazardly. ... 1.1: Definition Activity-based costing is defined by Rockford Consulting (1999) as â€Å"a method of allocating costs to products and services. It is generally used as a tool for planning and control. It was developed as an approach to address problems associated with traditional cost management systems, that tend to have the inability to accurately determine actual production and service costs, or provide useful information for operating decisions†. Without ABC, managers can make errors in calculation and strategy, particularly in companies with many â€Å"products or services†. The idea is to attribute costs to activities more than products themselves. This requires that processes are mapped and understood sufficiently to be priced or measured. A comprehensive idea of the organisation's process structure, overhead, engineering times, etc. have to be honestly calculated. Ultimately, much like scientific management, inefficiencies are exposed and accounting rectified in areas that were never expected to be problematic. Averkamp (2011) offers an example of activity-based costing that illustrates its benefits. Assuming two products engineered by the same company, â€Å"Product 124† being a â€Å"low volume item which requires certain activities such as special engineering, additional testing, and many machine setups because it is ordered in small quantities† and â€Å"Product 366† â€Å"a high volume product—running continuously—and requir[ing] little attention and no special activities†. Under a traditional costing regime, Product 124 has very low machine hours, thus it would have little overhead â€Å"spread† to it; but this is not an accurate representation of its cost. Similarly, Product 366 would apparently seem to cost a lot because of its

Abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Abortion - Essay Example serious problems, such as when the birth of a child can result in the death of his/her mother or the child was conceived through rape and its birth will have an extremely negative role on the rest of the woman’s life. Nevertheless, despite the fact that the supporters of abortion point out rather strong factors in favor of abortion, it is necessary to take into account the fact that it is primarily about human life that is recognized as priceless by all. The high incidence of abortions as the most simple solution to the problem has led to the fact that partly a childs life has lost its meaning and significance as a gift of God or a gift of nature (depending on how one perceives the birth). This problem did not exist until 1912 because before 1912, there were no laws against abortion (London). Despite the adoption of various laws on abortion, the problem is that abortion is still being applied even in cases when the birth of a child shall not be a threat to the physical or ment al health of the mother and is justified from a practical point of view (too early pregnancy, physical complexity, condemned by the parents, etc.). Given all this, one can confidently assert that abortion is an extremely negative phenomenon and its evaluation should be primarily negative. Justification for abortion is only possible in some cases, namely, if the birth of a child will lead to the death of the mother or cause deep psychological trauma that can lead in tragic consequences in the woman’s life. As noted above, the proponents of abortion can point out many arguments in favor of their position. In particular, one of the first argument can appeal to the fact that nature itself provides the means for a natural abortion. Natural abortion can occur as a result of the inability of a woman to bear a child, her poor health, bad heredity, etc. Thus, even nature suggests the possibility of miscarriage. For this reason, one cannot blame the doctors that they offer women the opportunity to

Analysis of Research Report Results Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis of Research Report Results - Essay Example Some of the other perceived barriers were correlated with the moderator variables. The study further suggested that, "strategies designed to decrease the perceived barriers might improve compliance with the treatment regime, thus decreasing costs, absenteeism, and lack of continuity". In determination of the respondents' profiles such as age, ethnic origin and socioeconomic status, the statistical analysis used was accurate. Descriptive statistics usually involve numerous calculations that attempt to provide brief summary of the information content of the information such as measures of central tendency, measures of dispersion, etc. and could be expressed in frequency or percentage. In the study (page of the paper), it was mentioned that the ten (10) identified perceived barriers on health related quality of life have been associated to the frequency of respondents' reported any missed taking any medication and later found out that there was no significant relationship. This seems to be questionable. The ten perceived barriers on health related quality of life, were measured differently (Likert) from "respondents' reported any missed taking any medication" (frequency).

Computers In Our Life Media Essay

Computers In Our Life Media Essay We cannot imagine our life without computers. The fact is that they are so important that we can not exist without them. Since 1948, they are everywhere around us. When the first real computer has been invented our life has changed so much that we can call it real digital revolution. First computers were differed from todays ones. The first well-known computer in the world was ENIAC, the Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator. ENIAC took up an entire room, generated quite a bit of heat, and did much less work than a standard PC or laptop of today. Still, for its time, it was a huge leap forward. Computers progressed from punch-card programming to actual written programs with commands built in. Scientists today are working on computers with artificial intelligence that can think for themselves within defined limits. This development could have huge advantages. Think of a vacuum cleaner that can identify a dusty spot and go back to clean it up, or a dishwasher that identifies when the dishes are not quite clean, and runs for another five minutes. Computers created the information age, where huge amounts of data could be processed. This has led to many advantages in modern life, including easily balancing your bank statement or brokerage account, using dictionary and encyclopedia programs, even planning and designing a new kinds of houses or machines and everything like this, is possible on your computer. There is software available for almost any need, and if you have a notebook or laptop computer, those programs could go anywhere you go. From writing a letter to designing a birthday card, there is nothing you could not do with a computer. The Internet also has brought even more drastic changes. Using your computer, you could go online, and access the Worldwide Web (WWW). You could connect to other computers, huge databases, university or county libraries, banks, or your utility company. There is hardly a bill that could not to be paid online these days no more licking stamps. If you have a friend or family member living a long distance away, you could contact them by skype or facebook for free, saving money in long-distance charges. Movies, songs, and games could be downloaded via the Internet to your computer, and many of them are free, as well. Do your banking online at 2am, or take an online class in math or basket weaving. The Internet has truly revolutionized how we connect with other people, as well as businesses. There is not one area of our lives that computers and the Internet have not affected. Nowadays they are also used by scientist and they may also be as huge as the old ones but they are millions times faster. They could perform many complex operations simultaneously and scientist practically could not do without them. Thanks to them people has access to enormous amount of information. Gathering data has never been more simple than now. They are not only used in laboratories but also in factories to control production. But not only in science and industry computers are being used. Thanks to them modern medicine could diagnose diseases faster and more thoroughly. Also in banking system computers have become irreplaceable. They control ATMs, all data is stored on special hard disks and paper is not used in accountancy any more. Furthermore, architects, designers and engineers could not imagine their work without computers. This machines are really everywhere and we depend on them also in such fields as criminology. They help police to solve crimes and collect evidence. Moreover, computers are wide-spread in education. Except their classic tasks such as administration and accountancy they are used in process of learning. Firstly, they store enormous amount of data which helps students to gain an information. Secondly, thanks to special teaching techniques and programs they improve ours skills of concentration and assimilation of knowledge. They have become so popular that not knowing how to use them means to be illiterate. While there are things to watch out for, overall most people agree that the huge advantages that have come from computers and the Internet far outweigh any disadvantages. Of course except this superb features there is also dark side of computer technology because every invention brigs us not only benefits but also threats. Some scientist said that computers are dangerous to our health. The monitors used to be dangerous for our eyesight. Nowadays due to technological development they are very safe. But there are other threats to our health than damaging our sight. Working with computers and permanent looking on the monitor could cause epilepsy, especially with children. Very often parents want to have a rest and do not draw enough attention to how long their children use computer,but this negative effects also concerns TV screen. Other main disadvantage of computers is that sometimes they brake down like everything else.And the biggest problem is when our hard disk brakes down because of the data stored on it. Other hardware is easily replaceable. But there are many ways of avoiding consequences of loosing our data, for example by saving it on compact disks. Except hardware failures there are also software ones. For example, for many years Windows Operating System was very unstable and that is why many other operating systems were written. Now the most common are Linux, Windows XP, MacOs (for Macintosh computers). Except of unstable operating systems another and maybe the main threat to our data are computer viruses. There are billions of them and every day new ones come into being. If you have the Internet connection you have to be particularly careful and download anti-virus programs. Fortunately, there are also many of them and most of them are freeware. You have to remember to download updates. But viruses ,unfortunately,are not so big disadvantage as violence and sex. The main threat to younger users of computers are internet pornography and bloody games. The presence of sexual content or level of violence should be properly marked and parents are obliged to draw their attention to this issue. There are many extremely bloody games such as grand theft auto, quake etc. For example, in GTA you are a member of mafia and to promote in crime hierarchy you should kidnap people, steal cars, robe banks etc. As a bonus you can also run over pedestrians. There are also many games in which you are a soldier and your mission is to kill as many enemies as possible. The other threat to our children is internet pornography. The availability of sexual content is enormous and you can do practically nothing to protect your child, especially when it is interested in this matter . And in the end if you spend most of your free time using computer you should go to see a psychologist,because you become a computer addictted. This is real new illness connected usually with using of social network like Facebook,My space ,Skype,etc.But if we want to understand how people became addicted to social networks and computers at all,we will try to find how this Products become so popular. The fast computer development help us for one new idea realization, so in the end of 2003 it has been popularized, a new opportunity for communication and information sharing the social networks. In the beginning were Classmates.com, SixDegrees.com, and Friendster introducing the notion of friend connection. These sites made the way for the most popular sites these days such as Facebook, MySpace, Twitter and Youtube. Each of it boasts hundreds of millions of active members around the world. It is hard to find a school or college student who does not use Facebook, MySpace or Youtube. The tipping point of the online social networks mass addiction have been reached and it will continue growing, but social networking is not just for children. In Facebook more of its users are out of school, college and university and those 25 years and older represent the fastest growing group of people. Only between June and November 2008 Facebook grew to 120 million users this means that Facebook is th e largest online social networking site in addition it also has one of the most used advertising tools. In second place is MySpace owned Fox Interactive Media it is a popular site among teenagers and adults and is known as a media and entertainment destination. Most of the celebrities have profiles there to keep connection with their fans. MySpace is similar to Facebook and offer hyper targeting capabilities. The social networks are the new era of the human connections and we may say, that today we are making the first steps to the new cyber society.Other step could be computerizing of education in schools,because children always like playing games and learning their lessons on computers. The machines present the world through pictures, music, sound and text. It is amazing and exciting. The young learners enjoy playing on computers. They would like to be a part of ICT education and wish to know more from all over our planet. In 1999, Sugata Mitra, and his colleagues dig a hole in a wall bordering an urban slum in New Delhi, install an Internet-connected PC and leave it there (with a hidden camera filming the area). They are going to observe kids from the slum who play around with the computer. They are going to know the process of learning or how do the children use it, how do they go online and then teaching each other. In August 2008 Mitra, who is Professor of Educational Technology presented how kids figured out how to use PC in their own and then taught other kids. His study found the following: I had an office in those days which bordered a slum, an urban slum, so there was a dividing wall between our office and the urban slum. They cut a hole inside that wall which is how it has got the name hole-in-the-wall and put a pretty powerful PC into that hole, sort of embedded into the wall so that its monitor was sticking out at the other end, a touchpad similarly embedded into the wall, put it on high-speed Internet, put the Internet Explorer there, put it on Altavista.com in those days and just left it there. The professor describes the process of learning between the children. He believes that the young learners can learn fast. They are interested in all over around them. They can learn English, too. According to Mitra, So eight minutes and an embedded computer seemed to be all that we needed there . English is easy because the kids use CDs and remember words when they play on the computers. Mitra s study found the following: This is the first kid who came there; he later on turned out to be a 13-year-old school dropout. He came there and he started to fiddle around with the touchpad. Very quickly he noticed that when he moves his finger on the touchpad something moves on the screen and later on he told me, I have never seen a television where you can do something. So he figured that out. It took him over two minutes to figure out that he was doing things to the television. And then, as he was doing that, he made an accidental click by hitting the touchpad youll see him do that. He did that, and the Internet Explorer changed page. Eight minutes later, he looked from his hand to the screen, and he was browsing: he was going back and forth. When that happened, he started calling all the neighborhood children, like children would come and see whats happening over here. And by the evening of that day, 70 children were all browsing. So we thought that this is what was happening: that children in groups can s elf-instruct themselves to use a computer and the Internet. The professor makes the experiment in Pakistan, the area of the Himalaya Range, too. Everywhere the children try to learn more and to teach themselves. They wish to know the English Alphabet and Mitra found The first thing that these children did was to find a website to teach themselves the English alphabet . In the end of your lecture, the professor makes conclusions. He thinks that computers can be useful educational tools when the kids discover the world around them. They can help children to learn languages and to improve the communication through the special Windows functions like browsing, painting, chatting, etc. According to Mitra, What could they learn to do? Basic Windows functions, browsing, painting, chatting and email, games and educational material, music downloads, playing video . His conclusions are important and they would be useful in the work of many teachers. Mitra s study found the following: So what was the conclusion over the six years of work? It was that primary education can happen on its own, or parts of it can happen on its own. It does not have to be imposed from the top downwards. It could perhaps be a self-organizing system, so that was and the second bit that I wanted to tell you, that children can self-organize and attain an educational objective. The idea of a hole in a wall is innovative because many children would like to have great opportunities for excellent education, work and life. The computers can be named windows of knowledge because the knowledge is a power. The important thing is not so much that every child should be taught, as that every child should be given the wish to learn. And in conclusion we want to say that the situation all over the world is very serious. Computers and computer based machines are practically irreplaceable and we can not make without them any more. They are everywhere, at our homes, schools, at work, in our cars. It is very possible that the next stage of human evolution will be some kind of superb mix of half human and half machines. On the other hand I don not think it will be the closest future. But the truth is that computers will rule the world sooner or later ,because they do not make a human mistakes and also do not have feelings ,which command human relation and work.

Anti-Slavery Issue and Childrens Magazines: 1820-1860 Essay -- Slavery

Anti-Slavery Issue and Children's Magazines: 1820-1860   By the 1820’s the issue of slavery in the southern states had become fraught with controversy. It was by no means a clear-cut difference between Northern and Southern states; many Southerners were against it and many Northerners tolerated it, feeling it was a problem that the South must solve. Most early anti-slavery societies, though, arose in the North and many made efforts to spread their views by publishing. William Lloyd Garrison’s Liberator, published weekly between 1831 and 1865, had a Juvenile Department; the paper became the organ for the American Anti-Slavery Society which Garrison started in 1833.   Among the earliest children’s magazines was the Juvenile Miscellany (hereafter   JM), begun and edited by Lydia Maria Child, and published in Boston from 1826-1834. It included occasional pieces that dealt with the problem of slavery; Child herself was an ardent abolitionist, but the slavery issue was inflammatory, and to keep her subscription base with the parents and grandparents who paid for it, the problem had to be treated with caution.   Another early periodical, The Slave’s Friend (hereafter TSF), appeared in 1836, published by the New York Anti-Slavery Society; it was specifically addressed to young readers and included abolitionist fiction, poetry, and articles. Like the Liberator it was published not only for the already-converted, but also in hopes of influencing the lukewarm and undecided. There was no question of its single-minded intent.   While TSF and JM had relatively brief runs,   the Youth’s Companion (hereafter YC)   ran for over a century, from 1827-1929, starting as a weekly family newspaper and later aimed strictly at the young. Its edito... ...New York Anti-Slavery Society,   1836-38.   Youth’s Companion, ed. Nathaniel Willis, 1827-1929.   Anonymous.  Ã‚   Pictures and Stories from Uncle Tom’s Cabin.   Boston: John P.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jewett and Co., 1853.    Secondary Sources   MacLeod, Anne Scott.  Ã‚   A Moral Tale: Children’s Fiction and American Culture,  Ã‚   1820-1860.   Hamden:   Shoe String Press-Archon, 1975.   Taketani, Etsuko.   â€Å"The ‘omnipresent aunt’ and the social child: Lydia Maria  Ã‚  Ã‚   Child’s juvenile miscellany.†Ã‚   Children’s Literature 27 (1999):   22-39.   Yankee Doodle’s Literary Sampler of Prose, Poetry, and Pictures, Being an  Ã‚  Ã‚   Anthology of Diverse Works Published for the Edification and  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Entertainment of Young Readers in America Before 1900.  Ã‚   Selected from  Ã‚  Ã‚   the Rare Book Collections of the Library of Congress and Introduced by  Ã‚  Ã‚   Virginia Hamilton and Margaret N. Coughlan.   NY:   Crowell, 1974.

Humanitarian Neutrality Essay

International humanitarian work operates on the principle of inviolability (Anderson 42). Humanitarian organizations and workers can gain access to states, establish presence through a physical base and local networks, and provide aid and other humanitarian services needed by people without experiencing harm or infringement by claiming inviolability as the moral basis of humanitarian work. This principle finds support from the operation of neutral position, impartial action and independent organization. Neutral position means that humanitarian organizations and workers take an apolitical stand when providing aid or assistance in another country (Weller par. 10). Impartial action refers to the provision of assistance to populations or groups based on a set of objective criteria designed to meet this purpose. Independent organization pertains to the decision-making and operation of humanitarian organizations and the conduct of their work without any intervention by external parties. Attacks by terrorist groups on humanitarian workers (Leaning 419) and the bombing of the ICRC headquarters in Iraq shook the inviolability of international humanitarian work (Anderson 42). A justification is the emergence of neutrality issues that affects inviolability. There is need to reassess neutrality and update this concept to represent current developments in international humanitarian work. Concept of Neutrality The origin of neutrality is the Latin term neuter literally translated to mean not either. This implies the existence of two positions or sides and being neutral means not taking any of the positions or sides. When applied to politics, neutral means abstaining from taking one side or the other such as in the case war between two states. This also refers to the state of not having any feelings or views leaning towards one position relative to the other. In international humanitarian work, neutrality then means the provision of assistance without taking part in conflict or war and siding one power in political disputes. (Leaning 418) This also means the provision of assistance to the people of a foreign country without doing anything that constitutes support to the cause or position of one party in cases of political conflict or war (Weller par. 10). Another conceptualization of neutrality in international humanitarian work is pure humanitarian relief by not leaning towards any side over political issues (Anderson 42). The clarification of the concept of neutrality in international humanitarian work is not lacking in effort from the United Nations and non-government organizations. Decades of work in developing a working concept of neutrality continues. This is not an easy task. The idea of neutrality continues to evolve with developments in international humanitarian work. The most compelling development is the involvement of humanitarian organizations and workers in political sides whether this is with their conscious knowing or not. The incident of abduction of humanitarian workers is on the rise with terrorist organizations or dissident groups using humanitarian workers to strengthen their political stand (Leaning 419). Humanitarian organizations positioned in Iraq supporting the rebuilding of the state received strong criticism from anti-western groups in Iraq for being involved in the political exercise of the United States (Anderson 42). These developments are inconsistent with the existing conceptualization of humanitarian neutrality. These also support the need to reconsider the concept of neutrality and its workings in humanitarian aid. Emerging Issues on the Concept of Neutrality The issues on the concept of neutrality encompass its definition and significance or role in international humanitarian work. The confusion and uncertainty about humanitarian neutrality requires resolution to strengthen the shaky foundation of international humanitarian work. One issue is the uncertainty in the conceptualization of humanitarian neutrality in the context of conflict situations (Leaning 419). This led to different positions over what humanitarian neutrality means and over its importance to humanitarian work. One position considers humanitarian neutrality as a core value in doing humanitarian work because it provides the framework distinguishing the nature of work and motivation in providing humanitarian aid (Leaning 418). Without the operation of humanitarian neutrality, organizations and workers providing humanitarian aid lose their purpose as apolitically aiding or assisting victims of humanitarian crisis. The collapse of humanitarian neutrality would make humanitarian organizations and workers agents of state actors or advocates of dissident and terrorist groups. However, even proponents recognize problems in the concept of humanitarian neutrality. This is in conflict with impartiality. While neutrality means inaction, non-involvement, or non-participation, impartiality means action with objective guidance. Objective action has different implications from inaction. (Weller par. 9-11) This could explain the instability of the inviolability of humanitarian work in the context of conflict. The other position considers humanitarian neutrality as passe in the current context. In the present context of humanitarian work, access and work in a state in conflict with external or internal parties involve conditions that become inevitably political by the conflict. Some organizations no longer use humanitarian neutrality and replace this with non-partisan (Leaning 419) stand to reflect their intention not to participate in conflict or war. This emerged from the recognition that humanitarian neutrality does not exist in the reality of humanitarian work because the provision of assistance depends on the parties involved in the conflict or war. Another replacement for humanitarian neutrality is civilian protection with components of protection of human rights and provision of relief (Leaning 419). Protection is not neutral because this operates relative to a party or threat. Provision of relief has basis on objective standards that could mean giving more aid to a particular group involved in the conflict. Another issue is the relativity (Anderson 42; Weller par. 12) of perspectives over the humanitarian neutrality of organizations and workers. This caused and constituted an outcome of the uncertainty in the conceptualization of humanitarian neutrality. The uncertain conceptualization of humanitarian neutrality led to the varying definition and incorporation into standards of action for different non-government organizations, with some organizations limiting their work to humanitarian aid in line with neutrality while others expanded their work to civilian protection in recognition of the ineffectiveness in practicing neutrality given changes in the context of humanitarian work (Leaning 419). This in turn further led to the erosion of the concept of humanitarian neutrality. Many state and non-state actors involved in conflict carry varied views towards humanitarian organizations. The susceptibility of humanitarian organizations to political actions led to the provision of access and inviolability based on the perceived possible political leanings of organizations (Weller par. 12) such as the booting out or the forced leave of American humanitarian organizations in North Korea and Iraq respectively because of ties to the United States. Conclusion Developments in the environment of international humanitarian work support the need to reconsider the concept of humanitarian neutrality. One is the need to redevelop or even overhaul the concept of humanitarian neutrality to make it align with the current context of humanitarian work. The other is the need to develop a widely accepted and recognized standard of practice to counter relativity. These are difficult and involve the contribution of humanitarian organizations. Works Cited Anderson, Kenneth. â€Å"Humanitarian Inviolability in Crisis: The Meaning of Impartiality and Neutrality for U. N. and NGO Agencies Following the 2003–2004 Afghanistan and Iraq Conflicts. † Harvard Human Rights Journal 17(2004): 41-47. Leaning, Jennifer. â€Å"The Dilemma of Neutrality. † Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 22. 5 (2007): 418-421. Weller, Marc. â€Å"The Relativity of Humanitarian Neutrality and Impartiality. † The Journal of Humanitarian Assistance February (1998): 54 pars. 29 April 2009

Ethics and Values in Social Work Essay Sample

Ethics and Values in Social Work Essay Sample Social Work Values and Ethics Essay Ethics and values often go hand in hand. There is always some form of correlation between one’s actions and a doer of actions. It is a combination of the two that can play a crucial role in the determination of one’s values, standards, and subsequently, morality. Social work, to a great extent, entails the interaction between individuals. In social work as a field, the code of ethics always plays an important role. It forms the basis of everything that the field is all about. A value carries various meanings and definitions but generally, entail the combination of reasons and drive that are behind every action that an individual does, be it right or wrong. Values in social work can be exemplified by respect to everyone, as well as the aspect of self-determinism. Since social work traces much of its existence in the various interactions between people, it also recognizes the complex nature of such interactions, especially when it comes to doing with human beings and the surrounding. It has taken a great deal of its knowledge body from such complexities, in order to influence individual change in one way or another. Subsequently, such values play a key role in helping the social worker to be able to make wise decisions when it comes to sociocultural challenges and injustices. Social work professionals aim at empowering members in the society who are vulnerable, oppressed or impoverished. Ethics and values in social work outline that social work entails various core values for instance dignity, social justice, integrity, valuing human interrelationships and competence. The core of the social work profession is the social work code of ethics and values which helps the workers make sound judgments while handing clients if caring ethnicity, race or religion. Value and actions link directly, and thus we are judged according to the values we express through an action once we perform it. Ethics and values in social work dictate how we can interpret and resolve dilemmas between different values in a professional manner. The article grants guidelines on some ethical practices and their roles in the determination of actions basing on the social work significance. Ethics and values in social work illustrates how we can access the ethics concept and show how it is employed to examine daily operations in the social work practices. These two aspects of social work also allows us to analyze the major role of governance among the representative bodies within the social work activities. Ethics and value in social work describe values as set guidelines and rules in the wrong or right decisions individuals make. It’s evident that values facilitate the recognition of the actions as valuable or worthy and thus we can evaluate what is vital and what is less important in case a conflict of values erupts. Ethics and values in social work explain that the core values within a social work practice inform our understanding of diversity. The values and ethics in social work are not just part of the whole field, they actually constitute the entire field. They literally dictate how social workers interact with real life problems or challenges, by providing them with the set platform through which they can use to do it. From a sociocultural point of view, this helps in understanding the complexities of human interactions, while helping to make sense out of it.

The Best Speeches from Shakespeares Henry V

The Best Speeches from Shakespeares Henry V As it has been argued that, among the best Shakespeare plays, the Henriad (a four-play cycle containing Richard II, Henry IV Parts One and Two, and Henry V) is the crowning achievement of the Immortal Bards incredible career. There are many reasons why fans laud  the Henry plays above the others, including the remarkable character arc; the astute blend of humor, history, and family drama; and the awesome array of battle scenes. For fans of Henry V, another reason to admire this work is that it contains some of the most powerful monologues in the English language. Listed below are three of the best speeches delivered by King Henry: Once More Unto the Breach In this scene, Henry V and his small band of English soldiers have been battling the French. Theyve gotten roughed up pretty good, and some of them are ready to give up, but when Henry delivers this motivational speech, they take charge once more and win the day. Note that, contrary to a common misconception, the first line of this speech is not Once more into the breach. Once more unto the breach, dear friends, once more;Or close the wall up with our English dead.In peace theres nothing so becomes a manAs modest stillness and humility:But when the blast of war blows in our ears,Then imitate the action of the tiger;Stiffen the sinews, summon up the blood,Disguise fair nature with hard-favourd rage;Then lend the eye a terrible aspect;Let pry through the portage of the headLike the brass cannon; let the brow oerwhelm itAs fearfully as doth a galled rockOerhang and jutty his confounded base,Swilld with the wild and wasteful ocean.Now set the teeth and stretch the nostril wide,Hold hard the breath and bend up every spiritTo his full height. On, on, you noblest English.Whose blood is fet from fathers of war-proof!Fathers that, like so many Alexanders,Have in these parts from morn till even foughtAnd sheathed their swords for lack of argument:Dishonour not your mothers; now attestThat those whom you calld fathers did beget you.Be copy now to men of grosser blood,And teach them how to war. And you, good yeoman,Whose limbs were made in England, show us hereThe mettle of your pasture; let us swearThat you are worth your breeding; which I doubt not;For there is none of you so mean and base,That hath not noble lustre in your eyes.I see you stand like greyhounds in the slips,Straining upon the start. The games afoot:Follow your spirit, and upon this chargeCry God for Harry, England, and Saint George! Upon the King The night before the most monumental battle in the play, Henry looks upon his sleeping soldiers and contrasts a kings life of pomp and ceremony with the emotional life of a commoner. Upon the king! let us our lives, our souls,Our debts, our careful wives,Our children and our sins lay on the king!We must bear all. O hard condition,Twin-born with greatness, subject to the breathOf every fool, whose sense no more can feelBut his own wringing! What infinite hearts-easeMust kings neglect, that private men enjoy!And what have kings, that privates have not too,Save ceremony, save general ceremony?And what art thou, thou idle ceremony?What kind of god art thou, that sufferst moreOf mortal griefs than do thy worshippers?What are thy rents? what are thy comings in?O ceremony, show me but thy worth!What is thy soul of adoration?Art thou aught else but place, degree and form,Creating awe and fear in other men?Wherein thou art less happy being feardThan they in fearing.What drinkst thou oft, instead of homage sweet,But poisond flattery? O, be sick, great greatness,And bid thy ceremony give thee cure!Thinkst thou the fiery fever will go outWith titles blown from adulation?Will it give place to flexure and low bending?Canst thou, when thou commandst the beggars knee,Command the health of it? No, thou proud dream,That playst so subtly with a kings repose;I am a king that find thee, and I knowTis not the balm, the sceptre and the ball,The sword, the mace, the crown imperial,The intertissued robe of gold and pearl,The farced title running fore the king,The throne he sits on, nor the tide of pompThat beats upon the high shore of this world,No, not all these, thrice-gorgeous ceremony,Not all these, laid in bed majestical,Can sleep so soundly as the wretched slave,Who with a body filld and vacant mindGets him to rest, crammd with distressful bread;Never sees horrid night, the child of hell,But, like a lackey, from the rise to setSweats in the eye of Phoebus and all nightSleeps in Elysium; next day after dawn,Doth rise and help Hyperion to his horse,And follows so the ever-running year,With profitable labour, to his grave:And, but for ceremony, such a wretch,Win ding up days with toil and nights with sleep,Had the fore-hand and vantage of a king.The slave, a member of the countrys peace,Enjoys it; but in gross brain little wotsWhat watch the king keeps to maintain the peace,Whose hours the peasant best advantages. St. Crispins Day Speech This is the most famous monologue from Henry V, and with good reason. These inspiring lines are delivered to the rabble of brave English soldiers who are about to go into battle (the famous Battle of Agincourt) against thousands of French knights. Outnumbered, the soldiers wish they had more men to fight, but Henry V interrupts them, declaring that they have just enough men to make history. Whats he that wishes so?My cousin Westmoreland? No, my fair cousin;If we are markd to die, we are enowTo do our country loss; and if to live,The fewer men, the greater share of honor.Gods will! I pray thee, wish not one man more.By Jove, I am not covetous for gold,Nor care I who doth feed upon my cost;It yearns me not if men my garments wear;Such outward things dwell not in my desires.But if it be a sin to covet honor,I am the most offending soul alive.No, faith, my coz, wish not a man from England.Gods peace! I would not lose so great an honorAs one man more methinks would share from meFor the best hope I have. O, do not wish one more!Rather proclaim it, Westmoreland, through my host,That he which hath no stomach to this fight,Let him depart; his passport shall be made,And crowns for convoy put into his purse;We would not die in that mans companyThat fears his fellowship to die with us.This day is calld the feast of Crispian.He that outlives this day, and comes safe home,Will stand a tip-toe when this day is namd,And rouse him at the name of Crispian.He that shall live this day, and see old age,Will yearly on the vigil feast his neighbors,And say To-morrow is Saint Crispian.Then will he strip his sleeve and show his scars,And say These wounds I had on Crispians day.Old men forget; yet all shall be forgot,But hell remember, with advantages,What feats he did that day. Then shall our names,Familiar in his mouth as household words-Harry the King, Bedford and Exeter,Warwick and Talbot, Salisbury and Gloucester-Be in their flowing cups freshly remembred.This story shall the good man teach his son;And Crispin Crispian shall neer go by,From this day to the ending of the world,But we in it shall be remembered-We few, we happy few, we band of brothers;For he to-day that sheds his blood with meShall be my brother; be he neer so vile,This day shall gentle his condition;And gentlemen in England now-a-bedShall think themselves accursd they were not here,And hold their manho ods cheap whiles any speaksThat fought with us upon Saint Crispins day.

Financial risk management in the financial institutions Dissertation

Financial risk management in the financial institutions - Dissertation Example Therefore, it is because of this trend there has been need for the risk management practices in the financial institutions. It has also forced the regulatory authorities and the bankers to improve the internal systems such as pricing, risk evaluation and control (Saita, 1999). It has been found that the traditional banking business of making loans and accepting deposits have declined in the United States in the recent years. People are switching from directly held assets to the pension funds and the mutual funds. In light of this issue, the banks are attempting to uphold their position relative to the GDP. They are putting emphasis on switching from their traditional business to fee-producing activities. It has been found that the household investors in the US and the UK bear more risk from their investment in comparison to the investors of Japan, Germany and France. However, according to few researchers it has been argued that intermediaries from Japan, Germany and France may be abl e to manage the risk by holding liquid reserves and intertemporal smoothing. On the other hand, the countries such as the US and the UK are not able to manage their risk because of the competition that they face from the financial markets. With the decline in the financial innovation and traditional banking business that is normally undertaken by the banks in the US, it can be described as a response to the competition that they face from the markets and the decline in the intertemporal smoothing (Allen & Santomero, 2001). Question Two The design in the new security, advances in the theory of finance along with the improvements in the computer and telecommunication technology have resulted in revolutionary changes in the overall structure of the financial markets and the institutions. Hedging versus equity has a role to play in managing the risk (Merton, 2000). The corporate hedging can help in reducing the volatility of the firm value. In this perspective, it is important to unders tand what the term corporate hedging denotes. It generally makes use of the off-balance-sheet instrument such as forwards, swaps, futures and options. For instance, if in case the value of the American manufacturing firm facing competition in the US markets from its foreign manufacturers are inversely linked to the value of the Dollars, then the manufacturing company can hedge the exposure by employing the off-balance sheet instruments. The exchange rate changes or volatility can be hedged in various ways. It can be done by selling the foreign exchange futures on the foreign currency, entering into the currency swaps, buying a put option or by writing a call option on the foreign currency. Therefore, it can be said that by utilising this tools the firm can hedge the risk. On the other hand, the firm can hedge by making use of the on-balance-sheet strategy (Nance & Et. Al., 1993). Credit options can also be used by the bond investors to hedge against the decline in the price of the b ond. The decline may be caused because of the downgrade in the company’s debt. Credit options are a second type of credit derivatives that can be used to hedge the risk of adverse changes brought about in the credit quality. The debt issuers can also make use of the credit-linked note which is a type of the credit derivative in order to hedge against credit risk. Therefore, it is evident that the conventional methods of managing the risk such as bank loan, assets securitisation and diversification can provide only a

Home Depot Financial Income Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Home Depot Financial Income Statement - Essay Example Since the main purpose of business is to generate profits from its operations, the income statement is very important since it helps to show if the organization is in a position to achieve its goals. This helps the responsible authorities to make meaningful decisions that can help to improve the operations of the organization in the event that it has been recording losses. Decisions such as scaling down the operations of business if it has been making losses can be made using its income statement. On the other hand, a business can expand its operations if it has been operating profitably over a give n accounting period. For instance, the income statement of Home Depot’s Annual Report (2008, p. 18) shows that â€Å"Net Sales for fiscal 2008 decreased 7.8% to $71.3 billion from $77.3 billion for fiscal 2007.† On the other, â€Å"Gross Profit decreased 7.7% to $24.0 billion for fiscal 2008 from $26.0 billion for fiscal 2007 while operating expenses increased 4.7% to $17.8 billion for fiscal 2008 from $17.1 billion for fiscal 2007.† These statistics point a negative picture in the operations of the company and this is the reason why a decision to close underperforming stores during the first quarter of 2008 was made. Instead of making profits, the company has been recording losses in its operations. 2. The balance sheet of the company speaks volumes about its stock. The balance sheet of the company is mainly comprised of assets, liabilities as well as equity (Investopedia, 2014). The assets show things that are of value to the company and they can be converted into cash at any given period. On the other hand liabilities show what the company owes to others while equities represent earnings contributed by shareholders. A company’s balance sheet shows if the company is able to sustain its operations through creating a fine balance between what belongs to it and what it owes to others. In actual fact, a balance sheet is very important in